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1.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 71(1): e370, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093545

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las revisiones sistemáticas sobre intervenciones para la prevención del dengue señalan que existe poca evidencia sobre la sostenibilidad de estrategias participativas. Una estrategia cubana basada en el empoderamiento de la comunidad se implementó entre los años 2004-2007 y constó de cuatro componentes: organización, capacitación, trabajo comunitario, y la vigilancia de riesgos y comportamientos. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de sostenibilidad de la estrategia de empoderamiento comunitario para la prevención del dengue desde la perspectiva de los actores claves de su implementación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte cualitativo anidado en el estudio experimental, de abril a septiembre de 2011. La sostenibilidad fue entendida como el uso continuado de los componentes de la estrategia y la ejecución de actividades a más de 3 años de concluida la etapa de implementación y evaluación, y el financiamiento externo de la investigación. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a actores claves con un rol significativo durante las etapas de diseño e implementación. La información verbal se clasificó en categorías de análisis inductivas que emergieron de la lectura reiterada de los datos, y posteriormente se reclasificó y contrastó con indicadores operacionales de sostenibilidad de intervenciones de salud. Resultados: Los entrevistados identificaron transformaciones generadas por la estrategia (ejemplo: incremento de capacidades locales, crecimiento personal/profesional, nuevos estilos y organización del trabajo) a nivel de municipio, consejo popular y circunscripción. Desde la percepción la estrategia fue sostenible (91 referencias) y se aportaron nuevos elementos que enriquecen los indicadores operacionales de sostenibilidad utilizados, los cuales reconocen los beneficios de salud, y otros efectos directos a partir de la concepción de empoderamiento asumida por la propuesta. La construcción de capacidades fue valorada por los actores salud como el fortalecimiento de las competencias de los médicos y enfermeras de la familia, para guiar procesos participativos en las comunidades. Conclusiones: La perspectiva de los actores enriqueció el análisis de la sostenibilidad de la estrategia y reconoce la importancia del proceso de construcción de capacidades para empoderamiento desde la educación popular promovida durante la implementación para el mantenimiento de los resultados y su relación con los efectos informados por los actores(AU)


Introduction: Systematic reviews about dengue fever prevention interventions show that there is little evidence of the sustainability of participatory strategies. A Cuban community empowerment strategy was implemented between the years 2004 and 2007. It consisted of four components: organization, training, community work, and surveillance of risks and behavior. Objective: Evaluate the perception about sustainability of the community empowerment strategy for dengue fever prevention from the perspective of the key actors of its implementation. Methods: A nested descriptive qualitative experimental study was conducted from April to September 2011. Sustainability was understood as the continued use of the components of the strategy, the conduct of activities more than 3 years after completion of the implementation and evaluation stage, and external funding for the research. In-depth interviews were held with key actors playing a significant role during the stages of design and implementation. The information obtained was classified into inductive analysis categories emerging from the reiterated reading of the data, and was then reclassified and contrasted with operational sustainability indicators for health interventions. Results: Interviewees identified a number of changes brought about by the strategy, e.g. an increase in local capacities, personal / professional growth, new work styles and organization at the municipal, people's council and constituency levels. The strategy was perceived as sustainable (91 references), and new data were provided which enrich the operational sustainability indicators used and recognize the benefits to health care and other direct effects of the concept of empowerment underlying the proposal. The building of capacities was evaluated by health actors as the strengthening of family doctors' and nurses' competencies to lead participatory processes in the community. Conclusions: The views contributed by actors enriched the analysis about the sustainability of the strategy and recognized the importance of capacity building for empowerment based on community education, as fostered during the implementation stage, for the maintenance of results and their relationship to the effects reported by actors(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/prevention & control , Early Medical Intervention , Empowerment/education , Cuba
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 39(2): 93-100, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783037

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar facilitadores y barreras del proceso de traslación de estrategias de empoderamiento comunitario a la práctica del programa nacional de control de Aedes aegypti en Cuba. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de caso del proceso en el período 2005–2009 en los niveles nacional y provincial del programa de control. Se triangularon datos procedentes de la observación participante, la entrevista en profundidad y el análisis de documentos, que se analizaron inductiva y deductivamente. Resultados Entre los facilitadores destacan la existencia, por un lado, de una propuesta de estrategia de empoderamiento efectiva en la reducción de la infestación por Aedes aegypti, que estaba descrita de manera que pudiera ser implementada por el personal del programa y, por otro lado, de un programa de control con cobertura nacional dispuesto a ponerla en práctica. Las principales barreras fueron la complejidad propia de la estrategia y la ausencia de cambios organizacionales que facilitaran su inserción dentro del programa. Tanto las barreras como los facilitadores fueron de naturaleza estática o dinámica. Los factores dinámicos son aquellos que ofrecen señales para la acción. Conclusiones Son múltiples las barreras y facilitadores del proceso de traslación a la práctica de las estrategias de empoderamiento comunitario en el programa nacional de control de Aedes aegypti en Cuba. Su análisis como factores de naturaleza estática y dinámica permitiría diseñar estrategias más adecuadas y eficaces para impulsar el proceso e incrementaría sus probabilidades de éxito.


ABSTRACT Objective To identify facilitators and barriers to the process of translating community empowerment strategies into the practice of the national Aedes aegypti control program in Cuba. Methods A case study of the process was conducted from 2005 to 2009 at national and provincial levels of the control program. Data from participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis were triangulated and analyzed inductively and deductively. Results The main facilitators identified included a proposal for an empowerment strategy effective in reducing Aedes aegypti infestation, which was explained in such a way that it could be implemented by program staff; and a control program with national coverage capable of implementing the proposal. The principal barriers were the complexity of the strategy and the absence of organizational changes needed to facilitate its insertion into the control program. Each barrier or facilitator identified was either static or dynamic in nature. Dynamic factors are those that offer signals for action. Conclusions Multiple barriers and facilitators influence the process of translating community empowerment strategies into the practice of the Cuban Aedes aegypti control program. The analysis of these factors as either static or dynamic makes it possible to design more appropriate and effective strategies that can promote the process and increase the likelihood of success.


Subject(s)
Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/epidemiology , Family Practice , Cuba/epidemiology
3.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 29(2): 173-183, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-689651

ABSTRACT

La participación comunitaria es un componente clave para mejorar la salud y permanentemente ha sido un pilar dentro del Sistema de Salud cubano, sin embargo no se ha garantizado totalmente la participación de líderes formales e informales comunitarios dentro de la planificación de salud y específicamente en la elaboración del Análisis de Situación de Salud (ASIS), lo cual limita el potencial de empoderamiento comunitario. Objetivo: proponer una metodología de planificación-implementación-evaluación de salud para incrementar la participación comunitaria y el empoderamiento a nivel local. Método: se propone la aplicación de la Metodología Integral Participativa de Planificación y Evaluación en Salud por sus siglas en Inglés CPPE (Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation) de uso internacional en proyectos de desarrollo, y adaptada al contexto cubano, para ser utilizada en los servicios de salud, partiendo de una fase piloto dentro de un proyecto de investigación-acción.Conclusiones: se propuso una metodología de planificación-implementación-evaluación de salud para incrementar la participación comunitaria y el empoderamiento a nivel local, donde se analizó el potencial que encierra para lograr sus propósitos. Si la implementación de la metodología fuera exitosa nosotros podríamos proponer su introducción y generalización dentro del sistema de salud, como una alternativa para la planificación en el trabajo conjunto de áreas de salud-consejos populares...


Community participation is a key component to improve health and has permanently been a mainstay within the Cuban Health System; however, the participation of community formal and informal leaders within health planning, specifically, in the development of Health Situation Analysis (ASIS) was not guaranteed, which limits the potential of community empowerment. Objective: to propose a methodology for health planning, implementation and evaluation to increase community participation and local empowerment. Method: the application of the methodology of the Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation (CPEE), internationally used for development projects, is proposed and adapted to the Cuban context to be used in the health services, starting from a pilot phase within an action research project.Conclusions: a methodology for health planning, implementation and evaluation to increase community participation and local empowerment was proposed, which analyzed the potential for the achievement of its goals. If the implementation of the methodology were successful, we could propose its introduction and generalization within the health system as an alternative for the planning of group work in health areas and popular councils...


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Health Planning , Community Participation
4.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 29(2): 184-191, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-689652

ABSTRACT

La participación comunitaria y el empoderamiento son vistos como elementos importantes para mejorar la salud e incrementar la calidad de vida de las comunidades.Objetivos: presentar una dinámica participativa dentro de la planificación-implementación-evaluación en salud en contextos intervenidos y mostrar su potencial para incrementar la participación comunitaria y el empoderamiento a nivel local.Métodos: presentamos una investigación-acción participativa donde se utilizó la metodología participativa CPPE (Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation), adaptada al contexto cubano para la planificación-implementación-evaluación de intervenciones de salud. Durante el proceso participaron líderes de salud, líderes formales (intersectorialidad) y líderes informales de áreas de salud_consejos populares. Se realizaron talleres de planificación y/o evaluación_planificación y se implementaron intervenciones. Las fuentes de información fueron: la observación participante en los talleres, las relatorías y la evaluación de los talleres, algunas entrevistas a profundidad, los Reportes Estandarizados de los Estudios de Casos de la Metodología y los Reportes Estandarizados de los Estudios de Casos de la Implementación.Resultados: la implementación metodológica permitió mejorar el proceso de la toma de decisiones, tuvo gran aceptación y hubo un interés creciente por la sostenibilidad del proceso.Conclusiones: se evidenció el potencial de esta metodología para reforzar los procesos de participación-empoderamiento comunitarios en las comunidades intervenidas. En todas las localidades los diferentes tipos de líderes y gran parte de las comunidades pasaron de ser colaboradores en las intervenciones de salud, a constituirse en actores fundamentales en la toma de decisiones...


Community participation and empowerment are seen as important elements to improve health and enhance the quality of life of communities.Objectives: submit a participatory in planning-implementation-evaluation in health contexts intervened and show its potential to increase community participation and local empowerment.Methods: present a participatory action research where the participatory methodology was used CPPE (Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation) adapted to the Cuban context for planning-implementation-evaluation of health interventions. During the process involved health leaders, formal leaders (intersectoral) and informal leaders of health areas - Councils. Planning workshops were held and / or assessment - planning and interventions were implemented. The sources of information were: participant observation in workshops, rapporteurs and evaluation of the workshops, in-depth interviews, the Case Studies of the methodology report and the Case Studies of the implementation reports.Results: the methodology implementation improved the decision-making process, the methodology was widely accepted, there was a growing interest in the sustainability of the process. Conclusions: the implementation methodology, favored the process of participation and empowerment within the target communities.In all locations the different types of leaders and much of the communities went from being partners in health interventions, to become key players in the decision-making...


Subject(s)
Humans , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Community-Based Participatory Research/methods , Cuba
5.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 49(2): 183-190, Mayo-ago. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615312

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El análisis de la situación de salud es una actividad necesaria en la atención primaria de salud, cuyo propósito es identificar las características socio-psicológicas, económicas, históricas, geográficas, culturales y ambientales que inciden en la salud de la población, así como los problemas de salud que presentan los individuos, las familias, los grupos y la comunidad en su conjunto, para desarrollar acciones que contribuyan a su solución. OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepción sobre el análisis de la situación de salud en un Consejo Popular, para desarrollar un proyecto de planificación participativa en salud. MÉTODOS: El estudio, efectuado en el año 2008, fue de tipo cualitativo y se aplicaron dos técnicas: la entrevista individual a profundidad a líderes formales de la comunidad (no pertenecientes al sector de la salud) y la realización de dos grupos focales (uno con líderes formales del sector de la salud y otro con líderes informales de la comunidad). Se utilizó el Software Cualitativo NVivo 8 para codificar la información y realizar su análisis. RESULTADOS: Los líderes formales tuvieron una percepción limitada del análisis. Los informales no tenían información total de lo que significaba y el personal de salud, aunque creía que era una herramienta indispensable y conocía el método, no realizaba un completo proceso de planificación, ni involucraba adecuadamente a la comunidad en este. La participación comunitaria se percibió solamente como colaborativa. No se implementan métodos participativos en esta comunidad que contribuyan a fortalecer la presencia intersectorial y de líderes comunitarios dentro del análisis de la situación de salud, a pesar de la cohesión, el trabajo permanente y conjunto entre los diferentes actores. Los líderes formales no representantes de salud y los líderes informales de la comunidad no perciben la necesidad de ser incluidos en este. CONCLUSIÓN: En el análisis de la situación de salud deben participar todo tipo de líderes comunitarios.


INTRODUCTION: The analysis of the health situation is a necessary action in the health primary care, whose objective is to identify the socio-psychological, economic, historic, geographic, cultural and environmental characteristics with repercussion on population's health, as well as the health problems of subjects, the families, the groups and the community in general, to develop actions contributing to its solution. OBJECTIVE: To identify the perception level on the analysis of health situation in a Popular Council to develop a participation planning project in health. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted on 2008 with the application of two techniques: the in depth individual interview to formal leaders of community (not pertaining to the health sector) and the creation of two focal groups (one including formal leaders of such sector and another with informal leaders of the same community). The NVivo 8 Qualitative Software was used codify the information ant to carry out the analysis. RESULTS: The forma leaders had a limited perception of the analysis and the informal ones had not any total information about analysis and the health staff, although believed that it was a essential tool known for everybody, neither performed a complete process of planning not involved to appropriately community in it. The community participation was perceived only as something of cooperation. Participation methods are not implemented in this community, which may to contribute to strength the intersectorial and community leader's presence in the analysis of health situation, despite the cohesion, the continuous work among the different sectors. The formal non-representative leaders of health sector and the informal ones of the same community considered their participation in this project was not necessary. CONCLUSION: The participation of community leaders in the analysis of the health situation is essential.

6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135348

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Quality of care is an important determinant for utilizing health services. In India, the quality of care in most health services is poor. The government recognizes this and has been working on both supply and demand aspects. In particular, it is promoting community health insurance (CHI) schemes, so that patients can access quality services. This observational study was undertaken to measure the level of satisfaction among insured and uninsured patients in two CHI schemes in India. Methods: Patient satisfaction was measured, which is an outcome of good quality care. Two CHI schemes, Action for Community Organisation, Rehabilitation and Development (ACCORD) and Kadamalai Kalanjiam Vattara Sangam (KKVS), were chosen. Randomly selected, insured and uninsured households were interviewed. The household where a patient was admitted to a hospital was interviewed in depth about the health seeking behaviour, the cost of treatment and the satisfaction levels. Results: It was found that at both ACCORD and KKVS, there was no significant difference in the levels of satisfaction between the insured and uninsured patients. The main reasons for satisfaction were the availability of doctors and medicines and the recovery by the patient. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed that insured hospitalized patients did not have significantly higher levels of satisfaction compared to uninsured hospitalized patients. If CHI schemes want to improve the quality of care for their clients, so that they adhere to the scheme, the scheme managers need to negotiate actively for better quality of care with empanelled providers.


Subject(s)
Adult , Community Health Workers , Female , Health Care Costs , Health Services Accessibility , Hospitalization , Humans , India , Insurance, Health/economics , Insurance, Health/standards , Medical Assistance/economics , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Patients , Quality of Health Care , Young Adult
7.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2005 Sep; 23(3): 207-14
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-680

ABSTRACT

The growth chart has been proposed as an educational tool to make the child's growth visible to both health workers and caregivers and to enhance communication between them. In the case of growth faltering, this would trigger timely corrective measures. Although the relevance of growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) has often been questioned in the literature, opinions of District Medical Officers responsible for local implementation of GMP are unknown. The aim of this qualitative research was to explore the perceptions and difficulties of an international panel of District Medical Officers regarding GMP. As an exploratory study, in-depth interviews of an international panel of District Medical Officers (n=19) were conducted. Data were coded using the QSR Nudist 5.0 software. A discrepancy between intended purposes and practice of GMP was detected at two levels. First, lack of participation of care-givers was reported. Second, the District Medical Officers expressed a restrictive interpretation of the concept of growth monitoring. The communication with parents was never reported as a means or a result of GMP, neither as an evaluation criterion of programme efficiency. The growth chart was mainly considered a tool intended to be used by health services for the purpose of diagnosis. This two-fold discrepancy between the intention of international policy-planners and practice of local programme implementers could be a crucial factor affecting the performance of GMP. More emphasis should be put on social communication and involvement of caregivers.


Subject(s)
Adult , Body Height/physiology , Child , Child Development/physiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Female , Health Promotion , Health Services , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Public Health , Public Policy
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